Fireplace & Chimney FAQs

A fireplace is an open hearth where fire burns, typically built into a wall or chimney. A stove is a closed unit that contains the fire, offering better heat efficiency and safety. Stoves typically provide 50 to 90 percent efficiency, while open fireplaces lose most heat up the chimney.

The main types are wood burning, gas, electric, and pellet stoves. Each has different efficiency, cost, and installation requirements.

Traditional open fireplaces are 10 to 20 percent efficient. Modern EPA certified wood stoves are 70 to 90 percent efficient. Gas fireplaces range from 70 to 90 percent. Electric units are nearly 100 percent efficient but provide limited heat output.

Efficient stoves and inserts can supplement home heating significantly, especially in smaller spaces. To use a fireplace as a primary heat source, choose a highly efficient EPA certified stove and use it regularly.

Building codes require proper clearances from combustible materials, correct venting size and installation, hearth extensions, and safety testing. Codes vary by location and fireplace type.

Most jurisdictions require permits for fireplace installation. Permits ensure the work is done safely and to code, and protect your home safety and insurance coverage.

Clearance is the minimum distance a fireplace or chimney must be from combustible materials like wood framing. Proper clearance prevents fires.

Yes, building codes require hearth extensions, non combustible flooring in front of the fireplace, to catch falling embers and protect surrounding areas.

Annual maintenance is recommended for any fireplace, especially before the heating season. This includes chimney cleaning, inspection, and any necessary repairs.

Common causes include a blocked or dirty chimney, downdrafts, inadequate chimney height, or incomplete combustion. Have a professional inspect your chimney and venting system.

Chimney fires are caused by ignition of creosote buildup inside the chimney. Regular cleaning prevents dangerous accumulation. If you suspect a chimney fire, evacuate and call the fire department immediately.

Signs include excessive smoke, rusting, crumbling mortar, water leaks, cracks, loose components, or difficulty igniting. Any of these warrant professional inspection.

Draft is the flow of air up the chimney. Good draft removes combustion products and brings oxygen for the fire. Poor draft causes smoke and inefficient burning.

Vented gas fireplaces expel combustion byproducts outside through a pipe and are generally considered safer. Ventless units burn cleaner and need no venting but produce moisture and have oxygen depletion sensors. Building codes restrict ventless units in some areas.

Chimneys must extend at least 3 feet above the roof and 2 feet higher than any nearby roof or obstruction within 10 feet horizontally. These heights ensure proper draft.

Class A chimneys are insulated metal chimneys that handle very high temperatures, suitable for wood burning fireplaces and stoves. Insulation allows installation closer to combustible materials.

Seasoned wood is dried for at least 6 months to 1 year with moisture below 20 percent. It burns cleaner, produces more heat, and creates less creosote than wet or green wood.

Avoid softwoods like pine and spruce which create excessive creosote, plus green wood, treated wood, plywood, and painted or stained wood. Never burn trash. Stick with seasoned hardwoods.

For supplemental heat, 2 to 4 cords of seasoned wood is typical per season. As a primary heat source, expect 5 to 8 cords, depending on use and climate.

BTU, British Thermal Unit, measures heat output. A unit efficiency multiplied by its BTU output determines actual heating capacity. Higher efficiency and BTU both increase heat output.